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How to start cassava farming business in Nigeria

cassava farming

Cassava farming in Nigeria has increased  tremendously over the years with the increasing use of cassava products not only as food items (garri, fufu, amala, bread, abacha) but also we can derive the following from cassava: alcohol, glucose, animal feed, solvent, fertilizer, etc.

It can be cultivated in any part of the county so far as there is adequate rain fall and sun shine. Nigeria is so favoured by nature and consequently, being in the vantage position, happens to be in the forefront in cassava farming in Africa.

24 out of the 36 states in Nigeria produce cassava both for household consumption and  commercially.  Cassava farming is dominated by states in the south east such as Anambra, Delta,Edo, Abia, Enugu Imo, etc. Cassava farming is one of the easiest thing a farmer can do since it only involve the  burying of the stems in the soil, whether you make ridges or not and in less than 6 months, you are already harvesting.

Cassava as a major food item in Nigeria, has some health benefits too.  That could be the reasons why its production has increased  astronomically in the past 50 years.

Steps to start cassava farming business

Here are the steps anyone can follow to start a cassava farming business.

1. Select your site

Selecting a site is very important because different soil for different type of cassava. If it is at all possible, do a feasibility study, particularly for  commercial cassava farming , ostensibly to identify the following:

2. Prepare to make the soil more suitable for cassava farming

You can achieve this in the following ways:

3. Cassava stems to use for planting

Not all soil is suitable for all variety of cassava stems. You must consider the following factors before you make your selection on the suitable cassava stems to use.

By and large, look for the following cassava stems for their rapid growth  and richly yield. TMS 30572, TMS (2) 1425,TMS 92/0326 and a lot of variety of others.

4. Prepare for cultivation

You must apply herbicide(an agent used to destroy or stop plant growth) about ten days before land preparation. Planting on ridges is always recommended, so if it is cheaper to employ mechanised planting method or the use of manual labour, the cost must be quantified. During land preparation, it is recommended to apply appropriate quantity of quicklime.

5. Decide when to plant the cassava stem cuttings during the planting season

Usually the planting season is around April and extends to September/October. Plant cassava stems on ridges of average of 40cm in width and 40-60 cm in height of one row, such aids plant care. Moreover, I recommend that you apply fertlizer 8-10 weeks after planting the cassava stems.

You must weed the grass that grow with the cassava stem as when it is appropriate to do so as it helps the cassava stems grow in a healthy manner.

6. Harvesting

The sign that the cassava is ripe for harvesting is when the leaves turn yellow in colour and falling off from the stem. The first stage in the harvesting exercise is first of all to cut off the stems of the plant and prepare them either for sale or for planting in the next season. One of the advantages of cassava farming is that the stems are used for the planting and not the roots, unlike yam, beans, maize, groundnut, etc. You must now dig out the roots which may be available for sale or for further processing.

7. Processing cassava roots

You can make the following from cassava roots. It depends on the area you want to make money from, the following are the routes you can choose from:

You can also process statch, abacha  amala and cassava flour

You should not overlook the diseases  that can attack your cassava crops at any time before harvesting.  They include; root rot disease, ( this disease causes the cassava roots to   decay), as well as anthrac nose and mosaic diseases.

8. Budget

The need for budget can not be over emphasized. It gives you the picture of the overall cost to be incurred before the cassava planting, during and the harvesting of the cassava yields as well as the potential revenue you are going to earn.

Set up cost:                                                 ₦

Renting of 1 acre of  land                        50,000

Preparation of land                                  30,000

Cassava stems for bundles of 100         30,000

Planting of cassava                                     8,000

Fertilizer     10 bags @ 2,500                   25,000

Application of fertilizer                               5,000

Herbicides/application                               9,000

Weeding of grass                                       15,000

Insecticide application                                4,000

Total                                                           176,000

This budged is only about cost of preparation, planting, nurturing and harvesting of cassava. It is only a guide since the cost of farming instruments, including labour keep changing.  Here I did not include the cost of land, rather I included the renting of the land.  Other costs I have skipped for lack of accurate information include: boom sprayers, tractors and  harvesters.

Conclusion

Cassava planting and harvesting takes sometime to materialise, so the watch word is “patience”.   It needs a lot of  coordination , prudent management of resources and doing things at the right time.  However, reasonable amount of profit  is often achieved. Commercial cassava farming is worth it.

If you are looking at other business ideas to start then check out our page: Start a Business

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