10 Most populated countries in Africa (2024)

Africa is the second-largest continent in the world in terms of population, with over 1.3 billion people. The continent is home to diverse ethnicities, cultures, and languages. The population of Africa is spread out across 54 countries, each with its unique history and social-economic characteristics.

In this article, we will explore the ten most populated countries in Africa, their population figures, and some of the factors contributing to their population growth.

Africa’s most populated countries

Rank	Country	Population
1.	Nigeria	206 million people
2.	Ethiopia	114 million people
3.	Egypt	102 million people
4.	Democratic Republic of the Congo	89 million people
5.	Tanzania	63 million people
6.	South Africa	60 million people
7.	Kenya	54 million people
8.	Uganda	46 million people
9.	Algeria	43 million people
10.	Sudan	41 million people

1. Nigeria

Population: 206 million people

With a population of over 206 million people, Nigeria is not only the most populated country in Africa but also the seventh-most populated country in the world. Nigeria is located in West Africa and has a diverse culture with over 250 ethnic groups, each with its unique traditions and languages.

The population density in Nigeria is relatively high, with 226 people per square kilometre, and the country is known for its bustling cities and rural communities. Despite being one of the largest oil producers in the world, Nigeria faces significant challenges related to poverty, unemployment, and corruption.

The mortality rate in Nigeria is 11.4 deaths per 1,000 people, which is relatively high compared to other countries with similar populations. However, the Nigerian government has made efforts to improve healthcare, education, and infrastructure, which have led to some positive outcomes in recent years.

2. Ethiopia

Population: 114 million people

Ethiopia is the second-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 114 million people. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and has a rich cultural heritage, including ancient churches, monasteries, and historical landmarks. Ethiopia is also known for its diverse wildlife, including the Ethiopian wolf and the Gelada baboon.

The population density in Ethiopia is relatively low, with 115 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 6.2 deaths per 1,000 people. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa, Ethiopia faces significant challenges related to poverty, food insecurity, and political instability.

However, the Ethiopian government has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as investing in infrastructure, healthcare, and education.

3. Egypt

Population: 102 million people

Egypt is the third-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 102 million people. The country is located in North Africa and is known for its rich history, including the ancient Egyptian civilization and the Nile River. Egypt is also home to some of the world’s most iconic landmarks, such as the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the Karnak Temple.

The population density in Egypt is relatively high, with 103 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 4.3 deaths per 1,000 people. Despite being a middle-income country, Egypt faces significant challenges related to poverty, unemployment, and political instability.

The Egyptian government has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as investing in infrastructure, healthcare, and education.

4. Democratic Republic of the Congo

Population: 89 million people

Democratic Republic of the Congo is the fourth-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 89 million people. The country is located in Central Africa and is known for its dense rainforests, diverse wildlife, and rich mineral resources.

The population density in DR Congo is relatively low, with 40 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 9.8 deaths per 1,000 people. Despite having abundant natural resources, DR Congo faces significant challenges related to poverty, food insecurity, and political instability.

DR Congo has been affected by conflicts, which have led to displacement, human rights violations, and underdevelopment. However, the DR Congo government, with support from the international community, has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as promoting peace, investing in infrastructure, and improving healthcare and education.

5. Tanzania

Population: 63 million people

Tanzania is the sixth-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 63 million people. The country is located in East Africa and is known for its wildlife, natural resources, and cultural heritage. Tanzania is home to some of the most iconic landmarks in Africa, such as Mount Kilimanjaro, the Serengeti National Park, and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area.

The population density in Tanzania is relatively low, with 67 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 5.8 deaths per 1,000 people. Despite having a growing economy, Tanzania faces significant challenges related to poverty, food insecurity, and political instability.

The Tanzanian government has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as promoting economic growth, investing in healthcare and education, and improving infrastructure.

6. South Africa

Population: 60 million people

South Africa is the fifth-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 60 million people. The country is located in the southernmost part of Africa and has a diverse cultural heritage, with over 11 official languages. South Africa is also known for its natural beauty, including iconic landmarks such as Table Mountain, Kruger National Park, and the Cape of Good Hope.

The population density in South Africa is relatively low, with 49 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 9.4 deaths per 1,000 people. Despite being one of the most developed countries in Africa, South Africa faces significant challenges related to poverty, unemployment, and inequality.

The South African government has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as investing in healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

7. Kenya

Population: 54 million people

Kenya is the seventh-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 54 million people. The country is located in East Africa and is known for its diverse wildlife, natural resources, and cultural heritage. Kenya is home to some of the most iconic landmarks in Africa, such as the Maasai Mara National Reserve, the Tsavo National Park, and Mount Kenya National Park.

The population density in Kenya is relatively high, with 94 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 5.6 deaths per 1,000 people. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa, Kenya faces significant challenges related to poverty, unemployment, and political instability.

The Kenyan government has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as investing in healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

8. Uganda

Population: 46 million people

Uganda is the eighth-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 46 million people. The country is located in East Africa and is known for its wildlife, lush greenery, and hospitality. Uganda is home to some of the most iconic landmarks in Africa, such as the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, the Queen Elizabeth National Park, and the Murchison Falls National Park.

The population density in Uganda is relatively high, with 229 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 5.5 deaths per 1,000 people. Despite having a growing economy, Uganda faces significant challenges related to poverty, food insecurity, and political instability.

The Ugandan government has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as investing in healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

9. Algeria

Population: 43 million people

Algeria is the ninth-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 43 million people. The country is located in North Africa and is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and beautiful landscapes. Algeria is home to many ancient ruins, such as the Roman city of Timgad and the Casbah of Algiers.

The population density in Algeria is relatively low, with 18 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 4.5 deaths per 1,000 people. Algeria’s economy is heavily reliant on the oil and gas industry, and the country has implemented policies to diversify its economy and address social and economic challenges.

10. Sudan

Population: 41 million people

Sudan is the tenth-most populated country in Africa, with a population of over 41 million people. The country is located in North-East Africa and is known for its rich history, cultural diversity, and natural resources. Sudan is home to many ancient ruins, such as the Meroë Pyramids and the ancient city of Dongola.

The population density in Sudan is relatively low, with 25 people per square kilometre, and the mortality rate is 6.1 deaths per 1,000 people. Sudan faces significant challenges related to poverty, conflict, and political instability.

The Sudanese government has implemented policies to address these challenges, such as investing in healthcare, education, and infrastructure, and promoting economic growth and development. However, the country still faces many obstacles on its path to sustainable development.

Conclusion

Africa’s population continues to grow at a rapid pace, and the ten most populated countries in the continent are home to over 60% of its people. Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Egypt top the list, while South Africa, Tanzania, and Kenya follow closely behind.

These countries face unique challenges related to population growth, including limited resources, poverty, and health issues. However, with concerted efforts from governments, civil society, and international partners, these challenges can be addressed, and Africa can continue to thrive and contribute to the global community.