Angel investor: incazelo, izinzuzo, indlela yokuthola, nokuningi

Osomabhizinisi abasafufusa bavame ukubhekana nobunzima bokuthola uxhaso oludingekayo lokuqalisa amabhizinisi abo. Amabhange nezinye izikhungo zezimali zendabuko zingase zingazimisele ukuboleka amabhizinisi asafufusa, angakakhombisi ukusebenza kwawo. Kulapho abatshalizimali bezingelosi bengena khona - abantu abazimisele ukutshala imali yabo ekuqaleni ukuze bathole isigxobo enkampanini. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngencazelo yabatshalizimali bezingelosi kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene zokutshala izimali zezingelosi.

Obani i-Angel Investors?

Umtshali-zimali we-Angel ungumuntu onenani eliphezulu otshala imali yakhe ekuqaleni, imvamisa kusenesikhathi. Zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “izingelosi” ngoba zinikeza usizo olubalulekile lwezezimali kosomabhizinisi abazama ukuveza imibono yabo ekuphileni. Abatshalizimali bezingelosi bangaphinde banikeze isiqondiso nokweluleka kosomabhizinisi, besebenzisa ulwazi lwabo namanethiwekhi ukuze basize abaqalayo bakhule.

Ukutshala izimali ngezingelosi kuhilela izinga eliphezulu lobungozi, njengoba iziqalo ngokuvamile zisesigabeni sazo sokuqala futhi azikawakhiphi umlando wempumelelo. Abatshalizimali bezingelosi batshala imali kulezi zinkampani ukuze bathole ukulingana, okusho ukuthi baba yingxenye yabanikazi benkampani. Inani lokulingana elitholwa umtshali-zimali oyingelosi lincike enanini lemali ayitshalayo kanye nenani lenkampani.

Abatshalizimali bezingelosi ngokumelene nama-venture capitalists

Abatshalizimali bezingelosi bavame ukudideka nama-venture capitalists, kepha kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ongxowankulu abangamaVenture bangabatshalizimali abangochwepheshe abaphatha amachibi amakhulu emali evela ezikhungweni nakubantu abacebile.

Batshala imali ezinkampanini esezibonise izinga elithile lempumelelo futhi ezifuna ukukala amabhizinisi abo. Ngokuphambene, abatshalizimali bezingelosi batshala imali yabo futhi ngokuvamile batshala ezinkampanini ezisesigabeni sangaphambili.

Izinzuzo zokutshala imali kwengelosi

Enye yezinzuzo zokutshala imali kwengelosi amandla enzuzo ephezulu. Njengoba ukuqalisa kuyingozi enkulu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwemivuzo, abatshalizimali bezingelosi abakhetha izinkampani ezifanele bangakwazi ukubona imbuyiselo ebalulekile ekutshalweni kwabo. Ukwengeza, ukutshala imali kwengelosi kungaba yindlela yabantu abanenani eliphakeme lokuhlukanisa amaphothifoliyo abo futhi batshale ezinkampanini abakholelwa kuzo.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-Angel kuwumsebenzi onobungozi obukhulu, obunomvuzo omkhulu obandakanya ukutshala imali ezinkampanini ezisafufusa ezinamandla okukhula okubalulekile. Nakuba imivuzo yokutshala izimali ngezingelosi ingaba mikhulu, kunezingozi ezinkulu ezihilelekile okufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo zokutshala izimali.

Enye yezingozi eziyinhloko zokutshala izimali ngengelosi yizinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka phakathi kweziqalo zokuqala. Ngokwezinye izilinganiso, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke iziqalo aziphumelelanga phakathi neminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abatshalizimali bezingelosi kumele bazilungiselele ukulahlekelwa yimali yabo yonke ezimweni eziningi.

Enye ingozi yokutshala imali yingelosi ukushoda kwezimali. Ngokungafani nokutshala izimali ezitokisini ezidayiswa esidlangalaleni, abatshalizimali bezingelosi ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuthengisa izimali zabo ekuqaleni kuze kube yilapho inkampani iya emphakathini noma itholwa enye inkampani. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi abatshalizimali abakwazi ukufinyelela izimali zabo iminyaka eminingi, okungaba umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abatshalizimali bezingelosi bavame ukuntula ukulawula izinkampani abatshala kuzo. Lokhu kwehluleka ukulawula kungadala ukungaboni ngaso linye nabaphathi, okungagcina kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwenkampani. Ukwengeza, kuhlale kunengozi yokuthi inkampani ingashintsha imodeli yayo yebhizinisi, okungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwevelu yokutshalwa kwezimali.

Ukuthola abatshalizimali bezingelosi

Ukuthola abatshalizimali bezingelosi kungaba umsebenzi oyinselele kosomabhizinisi abafuna ukuxhaswa ngezimali uma beqala. Kodwa-ke, ngendlela efanele, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole abatshalizimali bezingelosi abazimisele ukutshala imali ebhizinisini lakho. 

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele lapho ufuna abatshalizimali abayizingelosi ukuthi ube nohlelo lwebhizinisi oluqinile. Uhlelo oluphelele lwebhizinisi lungakhombisa kwabangase babe abatshalizimali ukuthi unombono ocacile webhizinisi lakho kanye nemephu yomgwaqo yempumelelo. Uhlelo lwakho lwebhizinisi kufanele lufake imininingwane mayelana nemakethe yakho ohlosiwe, ukuncintisana, imodeli yemali engenayo, kanye nokuqagela kwezezimali.

Uma usunohlelo lwebhizinisi oluqinile, ungaqala ukusesha abangaba abatshalizimali bezingelosi. Enye indlela yokuthola abatshalizimali bezingelosi ukuhambela imicimbi yokuxhumana nezinkomfa lapho ungahlangana khona nabatshalizimali mathupha. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana ezifana ne-LinkedIn ukuze uxhumane nabatshalizimali abangaba khona.

Elinye isu elisebenzayo ukufinyelela kumanethiwekhi wabatshalizimali bezingelosi noma amaqembu wabatshalizimali bezingelosi. Lawa maqembu avame ukuba nenqwaba yabatshalizimali abafuna ngenkuthalo amathuba amasha okutshala imali. Ungacabanga nokujoyina imiphakathi eqalayo eku-inthanethi lapho ungaxhumana khona nabanye osomabhizinisi nabangaba abatshalizimali.

Ungamisa kanjani kubatshalizimali bezingelosi

Ukuxosha abatshalizimali bezingelosi kungaba umsebenzi onzima kosomabhizinisi, kodwa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekutholeni uxhaso lwemali yokuqalisa kwabo. Ukwenza inkundla ephumelelayo, osomabhizinisi kufanele;

1. Lungiselela isethulo esicacile nesifushane esichaza umbono wabo webhizinisi, ithuba lemakethe, namandla okukhula. 
2. Kufanele futhi balungele ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana neqembu labo, ukuncintisana, kanye nokuqagela kwemali engenayo. 
3. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ucwaningo ngabatshalizimali abayingelosi ngayinye noma amaqembu abazobe beya kuwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga labo lihambisana nezithakazelo zabatshalizimali kanye nemibandela yokutshala izimali. 
4. Okokugcina, osomabhizinisi kufanele bazethembe futhi babe nomdlandla ngemibono yabo, njengoba abatshalizimali befuna ukubona ukuthi bazinikele emabhizinisini abo futhi banombono wempumelelo yabo yekusasa.

Isiphetho

Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-Angel kuwumthombo obalulekile wokuthola imali yokuqalisa kusenesikhathi. Abatshalizimali bezingelosi abahlinzeki nje kuphela ngoxhaso lwezezimali, kodwa futhi banikeza isiqondiso nokuqondisa kosomabhizinisi. Nakuba zikhona izingozi ezihlobene nokutshala izimali ngengelosi, kungase futhi kube indlela yabantu abanenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhlukanisa amaphothifoliyo abo futhi bangase babone imbuyiselo ebalulekile ekutshalweni kwabo.

Osomabhizinisi abafuna abatshalizimali bezingelosi bangaqala ngokuxhumana nomphakathi wabo wokuqala wendawo futhi bafinyelele emaqenjini abatshalizimali bezingelosi kanye nezinkundla eziku-inthanethi.

Abatshalizimali bezingelosi bavame ukutshala imali ephakathi kuka-$25,000 no-$100,000 ekuqaleni, nakuba abanye bengase batshale izimali ezinkulu kuye ngethuba nezwe. Nokho, eNigeria, inani lingancika ezintweni eziningi. 

Osomabhizinisi kufanele bacabangele ngokucophelela imigomo ye-investimenti, okuhlanganisa nesabelo sezabelo umtshali-zimali azosithola kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuncishiswa okungenzeka. Kufanele futhi bacabangele ulwazi lomtshalizimali kanye nenethiwekhi, njengoba bengakwazi ukunikeza isiqondiso esibalulekile nokuxhumana.