Liyini Izinga Lenqubomgomo Yezimali (MPR)?

Izinga lenzalo lebhentshimakhi le I-Central Bank yaseNigeria esungulayo yaziwa njengezinga lenqubomgomo yemali. Kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulawula umnotho njengoba libeka izinga lezinye izilinganiso zenzalo ohlelweni. Kungase futhi kuthinte imbuyiselo yakho ekutshalweni kwezimali nama-akhawunti okonga.

I-MPR ithinta kakhulu ukuhamba kwemali ezweni. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe Ngezinga Lenqubomgomo Yezimali nokuthi lingawuthinta kanjani umnotho uwonke futhi ikakhulukazi wena, qhubeka ufunda. Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-MPR eNigeria kuzombozwa kulesi sihloko, okuhlanganisa nokuthi ubani oyithintayo nokuthi ukuguqulwa kwezinga kuhilelani. 

Isebenza kanjani inqubomgomo yezimali yaseNigeria?

IBhange Elikhulu LaseNigeria lisebenzisa i-MPR ukuze lilawule futhi lilolonge umnotho wezwe ngokubeka amanani enzalo lapho ezinye izikhungo zezezimali, njengamabhange okuhweba, ziboleka imali kumakhasimende azo.

Lapho i-CBN inyusa i-MPR, amafemu ezezimali angena ezindlekweni eziphakeme zokuboleka. Ngenxa yalokho, bakhuphula inzalo abayinikeza abantu nezinkampani ezifuna izinsiza zezikweletu noma imali ebolekiwe.

Ngokwemvelo, okuphambene nakho kuyiqiniso. Ukunciphisa i-MPR kwehlisa izindleko zokuboleka amabhange futhi kungase kuphumele emazingeni enzalo aphansi kubathengi.

Ubani obeka izinga lenqubomgomo yemali eNigeria?

IKomidi Lenqubomgomo Yezimali yebhange elikhulu (MPC) linquma futhi liguqule izinga lenqubomgomo yezimali. Leli komiti lihlanganisa ongoti emikhakheni eyahlukene okubalwa eyebhange, ezezimali nezomnotho. Banikela ngobuchwepheshe babo nolwazi esinqumweni.

Ukuhlola isimo samanje somnotho, amalungu e-MPC ahlola inhlobo ebanzi yedatha yezomnotho phakathi nemihlangano, okuhlanganisa ukukhula kwe-GDP, amazinga okwehla kwamandla emali, kanye nezinguquko kumazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali yakwamanye amazwe.

Baphinde bacabangele imiphumela engase ibe khona emnothweni waseNigeria evela emithonjeni yasekhaya neyangaphandle, njengempi phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine kanye nezinguquko kumanani kawoyela ongahluziwe. Ukuze ifeze izinjongo zayo zenqubomgomo yezimali, i-MPC ingase ikhethe ukunakekela, ukunciphisa, noma ukukhulisa i-MPR ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwayo.

Ukwandisa i-MPR kuwuthinta kanjani umnotho? 

Njengoba ukwehla kwamandla emali kukhuphuka, i-CBN inqume ukukhulisa i-MPR isuka ku-26.25% ngoJuni 2024 iye ku-26.75% ngoJulayi 2024. 

Isinqumo senziwe ukuze kulungiswe ukungalingani emnothweni okubangelwe ukwenyuka okuncane kokudla kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okudla kanye nomgogodla kuyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngenxa yezithiyo ezifana nokungenelela kwengqalasizinda yomphakathi, izindleko zokuthutha eziphezulu ezibangelwa ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zamandla, kanye nezindaba zokuphepha ezifundeni ezibalulekile ezikhiqiza ukudla.

I-CBN yazisa amabhange ezentengiselwano ngokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuboleka lapho ikhuphula i-MPR. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhange ebhizinisi akhokhisa ababoleki amanani enzalo aphezulu. Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko zokuthola isikweletu kubo bobabili abantu nezinkampani, lawa mazinga enzalo aphezulu angase anqande ukuboleka nokutshalwa kwezimali.

Ukwehla kwamandla emali nakho kuthinteka ngqo yi-MPR. Kalula nje, ukwehla kwamandla emali kwenzeka lapho imali eningi isakazwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa isidingo sempahla. Futhi lapho isidingo sidlula ukunikezwa, izintengo zempahla ziyakhuphuka. 

Abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bayathinteka lapho Ibhange Elimaphakathi lilungisa isilinganiso senzalo. Ukuboleka okwehlisiwe kungase kubangele izindleko eziphansi zabathengi uma amanani enzalo ephakeme. Ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwemali kanye nesidingo eseqile kungase kusize ukulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali.

Noma kunjalo, ukukhetha kwezinhlangano zokutshala izimali kungase kuthinteke kulokhu kushintshashintsha kwe-MPR. Amabhizinisi angase abe mancane amathuba okuba athathe imali ebolekiwe ukuze asekele ukwanda noma amaphrojekthi amasha lapho izinga lenzalo liphezulu, okungase kube nomthelela omubi ekukhuphukeni kwamandla emali nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho.

Cabanga ngokukhuphuka kwezindleko zokudla kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2024. Abaningi baye baphakamisa ukuthi isinqumo se-CBN sokukhuphuka kwe-MPR izikhathi eziningi ngo-2024 siyingxenye yenkinga.

Kuthiwa i-MPR ephakeme ibangele ukukhuphuka kwenani lenzalo yemalimboleko, yingakho kwenyusa izindleko zokuboleka ezinkampanini ezisebenza ekukhiqizeni nasekusabalaliseni ukudla. Izindleko zabo zokusebenza zanda ngenxa yalokho, futhi badlulisela leyo mali kumakhasimende ngendlela yamanani aphezulu okudla.

Ukwengeza, njengoba babembalwa abantu ababeboleka imali ukuze bathenge izimpahla namasevisi, ikakhulukazi ukudla, amanani enzalo ephakeme ayengakukhuthazi ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko zabathengi. Amanani okudla aphinde akhuphuka ngenxa yalokhu kwehla kwesidingo.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinga lenqubomgomo yezimali kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyindilinga empilweni yangempela, nakuba lo mbono uchaza indlela eyodwa izinga lenqubomgomo yezimali elingaba nomthelela ngayo emnothweni.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isimo somnotho jikelele singaba nomthelela ekutheni i-MPR iphumelele kangakanani ekuquketheni ukwehla kwamandla emali.

Ukukhulisa i-MPR kungase futhi kube nomthelela esilinganisweni sokushintsha imali yezwe. Izimpahla zezimali zezwe zingase zithandeke kakhulu kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe njengoba izinga lenzalo likhuphuka, okungase kwenyuse inani lemali. Ukulungiswa kwe-CBN ku-MPR kunamandla okuthinta inani le-Naira uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezimali, ikakhulukazi idola laseMelika. I-Naira ephakeme yehlisa izindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kodwa ingase yehlise ukuncintisana kokuthekelisa, ngakho-ke lokhu kuthutha kungase kube nomthelela kukho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthekelisa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, nokho, ukuthi i-MPR ayinqumi izinga lokushintshisana iyodwa. Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile kufaka phakathi isimo somnotho womhlaba kanye nentengo yempahla, ikakhulukazi uwoyela waseNigeria.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-MPC ivamise ukunquma ukuthi ingakhuphula izinga lenqubomgomo yezimali kuphela ngemva kokucubungula ngokucophelela izinkomba zomnotho ezimbalwa (ezifana nokwehla kwamandla emali, ukukhula komnotho, namazinga okuqashwa).

Yini edala ukuthi i-CBN yenze izinguquko ze-MPR?

I-MPR iyithuluzi elisetshenziswa yi-CBN ukuphatha ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho. Ingase ifeze izinjongo zayo zenqubomgomo yezimali, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa ukulondoloza ukuzinza kwamanani nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okusimeme, ngokulungisa i-MPR.

Ibhange elikhulu lezwe lingase linqande ukwehla kwamandla emali ngokunciphisa inani lemali etholakalayo kanye nokukhulisa i-MPR. Ukwehlisa i-MPR, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungase kukhuthaze ukuboleka nokusebenzisa imali, okungakhuphula umsebenzi wezomnotho.

I-MPR iyithinta kanjani imali yakho? 

Ngenxa yomphumela wayo ezilinganisweni zenzalo nasezindlekweni zokuboleka, i-MPR inomthelela ngokungaqondile ezimalini zakho. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukukhuphuka kwe-MPR kufaka ukukhuphuka kwamazinga enzalo azo zonke izikhungo zezezimali, okusho ukuthi ukuboleka emabhange noma ukuthatha imali ebolekiwe kuzoba yizindleko ezinkulu.

Kodwa i-MPR inomthelela kokungaphezu nje kokuboleka. Kungase futhi kuthinte inzalo oyithola ekutshalweni kwezimali nokonga, okungase kuthinte sonke isimo sakho sezezimali. Izinzuzo zokutshala izimali ze-akhawunti yokulondoloza zizokhuphuka, okuyizindaba ezinhle. 

Ukwenyuka kwe-MPR kusho ukuthini kulabo asebekweleta imali?

Umnyango wokuthi abantu bathole imalimboleko awuvalwanga ngokunyuka kwe-MPR. Labo asebenemali mboleko, nokho, kuzodingeka balungise izinkokhelo zabo ukuze babonise izinga lenzalo elikhuphukile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma bebolekiwe ngamaphesenti angu-16, kwakuyodingeka abale inzalo eyengeziwe yezinyanga abasalelwe ukuzikhokha. 

Isiphetho

Ithuluzi elilodwa elibalulekile iBhange Elikhulu laseNigeria elilisebenzisayo ukuze lilawule imisebenzi yezomnotho futhi ligcine ukwehla kwamandla emali kulawulwa yiMonetary Policy Rate (MPR).

Ungakwazi ukuphatha izikhathi zokulungiswa kwezinga lenqubomgomo yezimali ngobunyoninco futhi wenze ukukhetha kwezezimali okuhlakaniphile uma uqonda ukuthi i-MPR isebenza kanjani nokuthi iyithinta kanjani imali yakho.