Uyini umehluko phakathi kwebhange kanye ne-microfinance?
Abadlali ababili abakhulu emhlabeni wezezimali ngamabhange kanye nezikhungo zezezimali ezincane. Bobabili bayingxenye yemboni efanayo, futhi ngokuvamile, izindima zabo ziyefana. Bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezezimali kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi. Kodwa ukufana kwazo kuphelela lapho. Zihlukahluka ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa izethameli eziqondiswe kubo, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, nezigungu ezilawulayo ezizilawulayo.
Kulesi sihloko, ngizoqhathanisa amabhange nezikhungo zezezimali ezincane ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kwazo.
Liyini ibhange?
Ibhange yisikhungo sezezimali esamukela amadiphozithi avela kumalungu omphakathi, angakhishwa uma kudingeka, abolekise, futhi anikeze uhla lwezinye izinsiza zezezimali kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi.
Iyini i-microfinance?
I-Microfinance yenziwe ngezinsizakalo ezinikezwa abantu abahola kancane kanye namabhizinisi amancane. Lawa masevisi angase ahlanganise imalimboleko, ukonga, umshwalense, ukuqeqeshwa kwezezimali, nokunye. Baqondise abantu namabhizinisi okungenzeka angakwazi ukufinyelela ezikhungweni zamabhange zendabuko, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemali engenayo ephansi. Bahlose ukuqeda ubumpofu ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo esigabeni somphakathi esihola kancane.
Umehluko omkhulu
Kunomehluko omningi phakathi kwamabhange kanye ne-microfinance, sizohlola okubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sihloko:
- Izithameli eziqondiwe: Amabhange abhekelela izethameli eziningi, okuhlanganisa abantu ngabanye, amabhizinisi, izinkampani, kanye nezinhlaka zikahulumeni. Amabhange aqondise wonke amalungu omphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izethameli eziqondiswe ezikhungweni zezimali ezincane ngabantu abahola kancane kanye namabhizinisi amancane, ikakhulukazi labo abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho ukufinyelela khona amabhange kulinganiselwe.
- Ukuboleka imali: Njengoba i-microfinance ibhekelela abantu abahola kancane, usayizi wemalimboleko abayinikezayo iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo yamabhange. Ngenxa yokusondelana nobumpofu noma ubumpofu kwabakweletayo, i-microfinance ayidingi isibambiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo sesibambiso njengesibambiso sekuyisikhathi eside sibonisa ukusebenza kwamabhange okuhweba.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemali mboleko yasebhange ejwayelekile, imali ebolekiwe yemali encane ivamise ukuba nenzalo ephezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bahlinzeka ngemalimboleko encane ngaphandle kokucela isibambiso. Ingozi abanayo iphezulu, ngakho-ke amanani abo enzalo aphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe leyo ngozi - Impumelelo yomphakathi: Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhange, ama-MFI maningi amathuba okuthi ahlinzeke ngezinhlelo zokuqeqesha kumalungu omphakathi. Ukusungula ukuxhumana nabahlomuli bawo, ama-MFIs aqale athathe isinyathelo sokufundisa umphakathi ngesimo sawo sezezimali nokuthi singasithuthukisa kanjani. Ama-MFI atshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha ukusiza ababolekayo ekufezeni izinjongo zabo zezezimali ngempumelelo.
Njengoba benakekela kakhulu labo abangabhange nabangenawo amabhange amancane, bakhuthaza ukufakwa kwezimali kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi. - Izinhlelo zokubuyisela imali mboleko: Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezikweletu kwawo wonke amabhange ngokungangabazeki amandla okukhokha. Kuyinselele ukunquma imiphumela, futhi yonke inqubo yokuboleka imali incike kuleyo sici esisodwa, okwenza kube nzima ngamabhange ukwenza lula ukusatshalaliswa kwemali mboleko kanye nokusiza abampofu.
Izinsiza zokuboleka ze-MFIs zakhiwe ngokucophelela ukuze zilingane nesimo sezimali somboleki. Uhlelo lwabo lokukhokha lubuye luguquke kalula ngenxa yalokho. Amabhange endabuko angase anqume ukungasebenzisi izinkokhelo zamasonto onke noma kabili ngeviki. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo yezimali ezincane ehlinzekwa ama-MFIs ijwayele ukuhambisana nezimo zezimali zababoleki. - Izindikimba ezilawulayo: Amabhange ajwayele ukulawulwa yibhange elikhulu, lona elingaphansi komthetho kaHulumeni. Ngakho-ke, uHulumeni wengamela kakhulu ukusebenza kwamabhange.
Izikhungo zezimali ezincane, nokho, zinemithetho eqinile futhi zivame ukulawulwa yizinhlangano ezilawula ezezimali noma ama-NGO.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Amabhange kanye neMicrofinance ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nezinkinga zayo. Ake siwaqhathanise bobabili ukuze sikugqamise ngokucace kakhudlwana umehluko wabo.
Izinzuzo zamabhange
Kunezinzuzo eziningi zamabhange kokubili umphakathi kanye nomuntu ngamunye. Lapha, sizogqamisa izinzuzo zamabhange ngaphezu kwezikhungo zezimali ezincane.
- Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yezinsizakalo zezezimali
- Inikeza izikweletu ezinkulu
- Ihlinzeka ngemalimboleko enenzalo ephansi
- Ilawulwa kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuvikeleka kwezezimali
Ukungalungi kwamabhange
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimali ezincane, kukhona ukungalungi okuningi kwamabhange okumele kugqanyiswe:
- Imibandela yokufaneleka eqinile yenza kube nzima ngabantu abahola kancane ukuba bafaneleke.
- Idinga isibambiso esikhawulela ukufinyelela kwabanye abantu.
- Izinqubo eziningi ze-bureaucratic, okwenza ukugunyazwa kwemali mboleko kuhamba kancane kune-microfinance.
Izinzuzo ze-microfinance
Ukwethulwa kwezimali ezincane kusanda kudlula amabhange futhi ayikatholi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi njengoba amabhange enzile. Ububanzi babo bulinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa namabhange, ngakho-ke inezithameli eziphansi kunamabhange. Noma ngabe kunjalo, isangcono kakhulu kunamabhange ezicini ezithile:
- Isiza imiphakathi enganakiwe kanye nabantu abahola kancane, ngakho ikhuthaza ukufakwa kwezimali.
- Idinga isibambiso esincane noma akukho, okwenza ifinyeleleke kwabaningi.
- Ngokuvamile kubandakanya ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi lwezezimali ukuze kufundiswe ababolekayo.
Ukungalungi kwe-microfinance
I-Microfinance ingase ibhekwe njengephakeme kwezinye izici, kodwa uma iqhathaniswa namabhange kusenezindawo ehlulekayo ngayo.
- Amazinga enzalo aphezulu
- Inani elincane lemalimboleko
Yini engcono?
Ukuthi uzosebenzisa amabhange noma i-microfinance kuzoncika esimweni esithile somuntu.
Usomabhizinisi ohola kancane odinga ukubolekwa imali encane ukuze aqale ibhizinisi uzohlomula kakhulu ngezimali ezincane. Cishe ngeke babe nesibambiso ukuze bakwazi ukuboleka imali ebhange. Bazohlomula futhi emfundweni yezezimali engase ihlinzekwe izikhungo zezezimali ezincane.
Umnikazi webhizinisi elikhulu elithuthukayo odinga imali eningi ukuze akhulise ibhizinisi lakhe uzohlomula kakhulu ebhange. Ngokunjalo, umuntu ofuna nje ukonga imali noma odinga ezinye izinsiza zezezimali ezihlinzekwa ngamabhange uyokufanelekela kangcono ukuvakashela ibhange kunesikhungo sezimali ezincane.
iziphetho
Amabhange kanye nezikhungo zezimali ezincane zisebenzela umphakathi ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezezimali kumalungu awo. Naphezu kokufana kwazo okuyisisekelo, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo.
Ukukhetha ozokusebenzisa kuzoncika ezimeni zakho ezikhethekile. Isimo esithile singadinga isevisi yebhange, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngakho-ke ukuthi usebenzisa ibhange, isikhungo sezimali ezincane, noma kokubili, kuzoncika ezidingweni zakho ngaleso sikhathi.
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